Pre-clinical mechanism
Acts as an alternative electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain in cultured cells, and is a reversible MAO inhibitor at higher concentrations.
Key pre-clinical findings
- Rodent memory paradigms: improvements in extinction learning at low doses (Wrubel et al., 2007).
Primary literature
Research and educational use only. This page summarises publicly available pre-clinical literature for educational and scientific reference. It is not medical, clinical, dosing or therapeutic advice. Nothing on this page implies that any VCP Australia product is approved, certified, safe, effective, suitable for a particular purpose, or intended for human or animal consumption.